Diabetes mellitus is a pathological process associated with disorders in the endocrine system, which develops as consequences of relative or absolute causes of the lack of insulin hormone. The result is a strong increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood flow (hyperglycaemia factor).
A characteristic characteristic of the disease is a violation of metabolism at all systemic levels and a chronic path. In order to achieve the complexity of diabetes more deeply, the danger of multiple disorders that accompany the disease, it is necessary to fully reveal the concepts of the energy entity and metabolic processes.
For the harmonious functioning of all body systems, the energy is vital. The body cannot generate independently, therefore consumes it from external resources.
One of the special and important transporters of unique energy is the food base. The complexes of carbohydrates, as components of the food, are provided to the organisms of people within 50-75% of energy as a whole.
Carbohydrates are the most multiple organic substances on the earth's surface, they are maintained at cellular level throughout the living matter. They transfer the energy to the organs, giving life and prosperity to all systems.
But the body itself does not summarize carbohydrates, but brings them with food. The greatest number of these elements is concentrated in plant cells.
Carbohydrates are divided into simple (or monosaccharides) and complex (or polysaccharide). The first type includes glucose and fructose, the second - cellulose, starch, glycogen. The assimilation of all types occurs with various degrees of speed. The monosaccharides, as a base of energy, enter the bloodstream at a rapid rhythm, producing a strong increase in the sugar level. The process of assimilation of the polysaccharide is very slow. The main role of polysaccharides is the stabilization and quality of digestion in the intestinal department and the excretion of toxic and complex school substances.
Glucose is a dominant energy supplier, it is not free in publication in food. His training occurs for the decay of third -party carbohydrates during food processing, after which he is transported to blood. The sugar level invariably increases at the same time. So, under the control and action of insulin, glucose passes into a cage. After moving inside, glucose performs a metabolic process.
Adjustment of the sugar process
The fundamental function in regulating metabolic processes of carbohydrates belongs to the pancreatic - insulin hormone. Pancreas (pancreas) is an organ responsible for the functionality and development of internal and external secretion. Internal secretion produces antagonistic hormones: insulin and glucagon. External secretion contributes to the development of a substance that normalizes digestion. These hormones are produced by feeding beta cells. Insulin reduces sugar and glucagon increases.
With an increase in the glucose level, insulin is thrown into the blood flow and causes the penetration of glucose into the cell. Food contributes to the addition of insulin, so the sugar does not increase, its level is stable. Excess glucose is stored in the liver, such as glucagon, which, if necessary, is transformed into glucose. With a glucose deficiency, glucagon maintains glycogen, successfully transferring it to the consistency of glucose, rather than giving energy to the body.
The normal level of glucose varies from 75 to 115 mg/dl of the morning, before eating. So, after eating, the glucose level reaches 125-145 mg/dl.
Types of diabetes
- dependent form of insulin (type 1 diabetes mellitus);
- Form dependent on insulinone (type 2 diabetes mellitus).
The first type of pathology is the inability of pancreatic cells to the development of the right amount of insulin (production can be absent). The causes of these failures are both the complete death of the cells of the glands and the adverse factors: viruses, stress, a weak immune system, incorrect nutrition, inflammation of any form directly in pancreatic and excess fat.
Type 1 diabetes requires compulsory insulin injections based on rigorous graphics.
The second type of disease, dependent on insulin, is more common, characterized by the development of a sufficient insulin rule, but the body does not perceive it, the result is a small dose of insulin. The causes are different: from obesity to diseases of the internal organs, of the thyroid gland and the pituitary gland. An important point is the use of medicines of different spectrums.
Signs
With both types of disease, sugar cannot absorb cells on a cell level and is rooted in blood cells, which forces them to die of hunger vigorously. The signs of diabetes of both types are the same: it is a multiple urination, in large quantities, the desire to drink many fluids, reducing body weight with good nutrition, greater effort, a low skin regeneration, the appearance of purulent wounds and formations.
The differences in the signs are only the following: the first type develops in the shortest possible time and is rather bright. In patients with the second type of disorder, it proceeds latent, without signs and can feel casual. In the urine examined of these people, the sugar is found, whose presence is abnormal. In the urine of patients, the first type is sugar and acetone.
Treatment
The first type is treated with constant insulin injections according to the program and if type 2 diabetes developed,A hypoglycaemic treatment with medicines that reduce the concentration of sugar is prescribed. The moment of an integrated approach and adequate therapy is important here.
Oral medicine
- In the initial phase of the disease, the treatment of e-glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonilmochevin preparations are effective.
- Drugs - Biguanides.
- Plant drugs, popular remedies, various food supplements are actually used in the treatment of diabetes.
It is important to know and understand that the disease is insidious and dangerous complications. In all directions, they creep in silence and in the future they can lead to disabilities and often dead.
Possible problems
- Periodontal disease, stomatitis.
- Liver disease.
- Disorders in the Gall system.
- Violation in the brain and malfunctions in the blood flow.
- Diseases of visual channels and various injuries, possibly blindness.
Diet
Therapeutic food is scientifically called "nine diet", which is rigorously prescribed by order of the doctor, by the type of illness. It is important to focus on the direct principle, for example the exclusion of fried, spicy, salty and spicy foods. Down with empty spaces and canned alcohol, also remove the desserts. Rigorous control and limitation of fat, fractionary food techniques. The diet in diabetes is the main component of maintaining a relatively normal state.
With type 1 diabetes
The dietary rules with this type are aimed at the correct calculation of the unit of bread or carbohydrates in food. It is important not the food itself, but the quantitative parameters.
The account is maintained: single food consumption with 7-8 bread units, in carbohydrates up to 90 grams. Before eating, a dosage of insulin and a quantity of bread in units are always calculated before meals. The completely sweet liquid of any kind is excluded.
With type 2 diabetes
Here, above all, to stabilize carbohydrate processes. In the treatment, exercise is used and a decrease in food consumption by calories content. The calculation is conducted by a single program.
Allowed products
- Mushroom and vegetable broth, beet soup, Okroshka, decoction of low fat fish.
- Low chopped chopped pieces, calfskin, rabbit, chicken fillet.
- Types of rye and wheat bread, bran.
- Fag without fat: you can boil and cooked.
- Small cheeses, acid cuisine -milk, yogurt.
- The egg is up to 2 pieces per week and only proteins. The yolk is occasionally.
- Millet, Porridge barley, buckwheat, oatmeal and barley pearl
- Foliage salad, pumpkin, cucumber, tomatoes, courgettes, cabbage and aubergines. The vegetables are preferably boiled and cooked. The potatoes are very small.
- Fruits and berries without sweetness, for example apples, grapefruit. Juices and composed on a flaps.
Forbidden products
- Fatty meat broth.
- Fatty meat of any kind.
- Cakes, rolls, slaughter.
- Fatty fish.
- Any kind of sottacet and smoke.
- Fish and meat in canned products, in oil solutions, caviar.
- All savory cheeses, species of cottage cheese with sugar, butter.
- White varieties of rice, semolina and pasta in any form.
- Salt and marinades, vegetables from the bean family.
- Strawberries, grapes, figs, bananas, dates, jam, chocolate.
- Grapes, fishing and other species with greater sweetness.
With alarm signals, it is immediately necessary to go to doctors if the symptoms of diabetes are found and start timely preventive measures and treatment path. Prevention is particularly important for those who have a genetic trend to type diabetes, excess body weight or pancreas pathology.
Today, the patient with this disorder has relevant and real opportunities to avoid difficulty and remain at a high quality level of life. Any person can avoid and stop the spread of the consequences of the disease. Any patient is easily accessible to all types aimed at treating diabetes. This is a wide range of vegetable and synthetic drug variants, insulin preparations, devices for their input in the body, apparatus of the type of control.
Today there are unique courses and seminars aimed at teaching patients. High -class experts, professionals of their field in accessible and informal ways introduce during any desire and suffering on all issues related to the disease.
Important rules for diabetics
- Constant control and consultation with a cardiologist in order to avoid the development of atherosclerosis and heart attack.
- Hard pressure control.
- Frequent visit to the ophthalmological office, checking the visual system.
- Control of the state of the blood vessels and the joints of the lower ends.
- Staying in the fresh air is sufficient.